练习 4
①我们中国人在互致问候时,尤其在过去,倾向于问“你吃了吗?”这就是为什么我们说中国文化是以饮食为主的。中国人民过去非常关注饮食,因为饥荒在中国烹饪(cuisine)的发展过程中扮演着重要的角色。几千年来,中国文
明一直与农业联系在一起,歉收是常有的事情。荒年之时,人民为了活下去,搜寻一切可以吃的(edible)东西。在经历了百年的磨难以后,今天中国人重新过上了稳定幸福的生活。人们可以在世界各地品尝到美味的中国食物。(190字)
①We Chinese people tend to GREet people, especially in the past, by asking“Have you had your meal?” This is why we say Chinese culture is “food-oriented”. ….As a civilized agricultural country for thousands of years, … During those famine years, people would try everything edible to stay alive. After one hundred years of suffering, Chinese people are now enjoying stability and good life. One can try tasty Chinese food all over the world.
单词与词组:
GREet
oriented
famine
agricultural
suffer from
harvest
stability
句型:
Sb. tend to do sth.
Sb. used to be …
Sth. plays an important role in…
注释:
①注意译文中 have you had your meal,是通过 by 引出来,表示问候的方式。
①中华饮食习俗源远流长,其礼节礼仪( etiquette)具有千年的历史,至今仍备尊崇。②宴会是社会重要的形式之一。它比一般的家宴和朋友聚餐更正式、更隆重一些。宴请者一般会提前(in advance).一到两个星期通知应邀人。不管自己是否出席,应邀人都应尽早回复。③赴宴 要 注 意 准 时 , 迟 到 是非 常 没有礼貌的。登堂入室时,位高者先入。④登 堂 后, 要 按 长 幼 尊 卑 依 次 落座。多数情况下,只有当主人开始给主要客人夹菜,或简短地宣布可以开始时,才开始进餐。(188 字)
① Chinese eating habits have a long history. It is said that the etiquette of eating , which originated a thousand years ago , is still much valued and wellpreserved in China. ②Formal dinner,as a kind of social ACTivities,is considered more formal than family dinners or friends meeting dinners. …The invited guests
should reply whether they accept the invitation or not. ③If they accept the offer, they are expected to arrive on time. It is considered impolite to be late. …the most honored guest is supposed to enter first. ④Once in the room they are supposed to sit in their proper place at the table. Seating arrangements are made according to power relations.People at formal dinners do not eat until the host starts the meal by placing the food
on his guest’s plates with the serving chopsticks or by simply saying “let’s begin”.
单词与词组:
originate
value
host
consider
expect
in advance
suppose
句型:
It is said that …
Whether … or not
not….until …
注释:
①分译,先译第一个短句“中华饮食习俗源远流长”,第二及第三的短句在译文中另起一句;补偿,“备尊崇”,译文中不但有 valued,人们重视饮食礼仪,还添加了 well preserved,补充说明人们到现在依然在遵循这些礼仪。
②合译。
③分译。另外,译文中添加了 if,把原文的逻辑关系补充清楚了。
④分译。原文简单一句话,但“长幼尊卑”这个词显示了中国饮食文化中的等级观念,在翻译时需要额外做出解释。于是翻译时先说 proper place at the table, 再另起一句解释这个 proper place 是按照 power relations,即“长幼尊卑”所体现的权力关系来定的。
练习 6
语言是一个民族的声音。①推广普通话(mandarin)是我们祖国屹立于世界民族之林的需要(rock-firm:屹立不动的);同时,它也是不同地域,不同文化背 景 中 的 人 与 人 沟 通 交流 的 需 要 。目前,普通话和我们的祖国一样,在国际上占有越来越显著的地位—②它 成 为 了 联 合 国 六种 工 作 语 言 之 一 , 成 了香 港 ,澳门同胞(compatriot)以及外国人争相学习的热门语言。普通话的意义不仅仅是沟通的需要,它还代表着中华民族的繁荣昌盛。(164 字)
... ①Popularization of mandarin meets the need of our motherland to stand rock-firm as an important nation in world nation community/among the nations of the world. Meanwhile, it also meets the need to communicate among people from different areas and different cultural backgrounds. … … The significance of mandarin
doesn’t only lie in communication. It also demonstrates the prosperity of our motherland.
单词与词组:
communicate
official language
significance
lie in
demonstrate
prosperity
句型:
Sth. meet the need of sth.
Sth. play an important role in …
注释:
①第一,注意主语。原文主语“推广普通话”是动词形式,而译文 Popularization of mandarin 是名词形式,因为英语的主语多为名词、代词、动名词或不定式。第二,注意谓语与宾语。原文谓语是“是”,宾语是“需要”,翻译时注意英语的搭配习惯,是 meet the need 满足需要。第三,注意原文很长的定语,在译文中
被 挪 到 了 宾 语 后 面 , to stand rock-firm as an important nation in the world.Meanwhile 和 to communicate among people from different areas and different cultural backgrounds。最后,译文中添加了补充信息 as an important nation。
②第一,分译。原文并列的两个短句,翻译时被拆分成了两个独立的句子。第二,注意译文对长定语的处理。“香港,澳门同胞(compatriot)以及外国人争相学习的”这一长定语在译文中被放在由 that 引导的定语从句中。
搭配习惯,是 meet the need 满足需要。第三,注意原文很长的定语,在译文中被 挪 到 了 宾 语 后 面 , to stand rock-firm as an important nation in the world.Meanwhile 和 to communicate among people from different areas and different cultural backgrounds。最后,译文中添加了补充信息 as an important nation。
②第一,分译。原文并列的两个短句,翻译时被拆分成了两个独立的句子。第二,注意译文对长定语的处理。“香港,澳门同胞(compatriot)以及外国人争相学习的”这一长定语在译文中被放在由 that 引导的定语从句中。
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